Apparatus for making rolls for player pianos and organs



A. B. WELSH ETAL 3'421403 Jan. 14, 16

/ APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROLLS FOR PLAYER PIANOS AND QRGANS Sheet FiledMay 25. 1965 INVENTOR. B. WELSH WEST ALAN BY ROGER FIG-2 Jan. 14, 1969A. a. WELSH ET 3,421,403

APP RATUS FOR MAKING ROLLS FOR PLAYER ,PIANOS AND oReANs Filed May 25,1965 Y Sheet 2 0f 4 FIG 4 INVENTOR. AL AN 8. WELSH BY ROGER WEST 5811-14, 1969 A. B. WELSH ET AL 3,421,403

APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROLLS FOR PLAYER PIANOS AND ORGANS Filed May 25,1965 Sheet i of 4 nuuuuuun flnnr WELSH WEST INVENTOR ALAN B. BY ROG ERaaimzmw W R M Jan. 14,1969 A. B. WELSH ET AL 3,421,403

APPARATUS FOR MAKING ROLLS FOR PLAYER PIANOS AND ORGANS She et 4 FiledMay 25. 1965 INVENTOR. v ALAN B. WELSH WEST BY ROGER United StatesPatent 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Method and apparatus formaking perforated player rolls for player pianos and player organs inwhich a strip of record member is moved in the direction of its lengthat a constant speed through a recording station and marks are appliedthereto in conformity with the actuation of the keys and expressionelements of a key operated musical instrument. Thereafter, the same, oranother record member is moved stepwise through a perforating stationand punches in the perforating station under the control of the markingson the marked record member operate in the interval between successivemovements of the record member in the perforating station and punch thesaid record member.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recordingmusic, and particularly for recording music in the form of an elongatedmarked strip of the nature that is employed for controlling playerpianos and player organs.

Player pianos are well known and player organs are presently beingmanufactured in which the instrument is played automatically by availingof a perforated music roll that is drawn over a tracker bar having holescontrolled by the perforations in the paper roll. The holes in thetracker bar, through a known pneumatic system, are operativelyassociated with the manually operable members of the instrument to beplayed, and efiect actuation thereof in accordance with the pattern ofthe perforations in the paper roll.

The making of the perforated paper rolls has always been a diflicult andtime-consuming operation, and it is in particular connection with themaking of such rolls that the present invention is concerned.

Heretofore, insofar a the applicants herein are aware, the making ofsuch perforated player rolls has been accomplished by making thefinished player rolls from a master which corresponds to the paper roll,at least with respect to the pattern of perforations, although themaster roll may differ in dimensions. The making of the finished playerroll from a master can easily be accomplished automatically in asuitable perforating machine, but the making of the master itself is adifficult operation. In practice the master roll is ordinarily made bymaking a paper or paper-like web through a punching station step bystep, and at each step perforating the web according to the desiredpattern in that particular instant. The perforating machine may be underthe control of a keyboard similar to that to be found in a piano ororgan, and the punching instrumentalities are under the control of thekeys. Since this sort of operation is carried out step by step, it maytake a long time to make a single master, up to eight hours for example,being required to out an entire master.

It will be evident from the foregoing that the making of such masterrolls is a more or less routine mechanical operation and that there islittle opportunity for the player rolls produced from such a master tobe anything other than a mechanical reproduction of the printed music.In brief, conventional player rolls for musical instruments 3,421,403Patented Jan. 14, 1969 do not reproduce or reflect the artistry of aperformer, but merely effect the mechanical rendering of a musicalcomposition.

With the foregoing in mind, it is a primary object of the presentinvention to provide a method and apparatus for recording music in aform that will result in the production of a perforated paper roll anddo so in such a manner that the artistry of the performer is captured inthe player roll.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a method andapparatus for making paper player rolls or masters from which such rollscan be made and to effect this making simultaneously with the playing ofthe instrument by a performer.

A still further object of this invention is the provision of a methodand apparatus for making player rolls or masters therefor of the naturereferred to above in whichthe record that is made simultaneously withthe playing of the instrument is in the form of a perforated record.

Still another object of this invention is the provision of an apparatusof the nature referred to which i relatively inexpensive and compact andwhich it is easy to connect to an instrument for operation of theapparatus.

A still further object is the provision of a method and apparatus formaking player rolls which will permit such rolls to be made very quicklyand accurately.

A particular object of the present invention is the provision of amethod and apparatus for making perforated player rolls or markedmasters from which such rolls can be made in which the position of theswell pedal of an organ can be recorded for subsequent control of theswell pedal of an organ controlled by the final player roll.

These and other objects and advantages of this invention will becomemore apparent upon reference to the following specification taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view showing schematically an electric organand a machine for making a strip-like record simultaneously with theplaying of the organ;

FIGURE 2 is a somewhat schematic longitudinal section through therecording apparatus showing the path of the record member therethroughand one of the several recording elements pertaining thereto and thecontrol circuit by means of which the recording element can beselectively actuated;

FIGURE 3 is a partial view looking in at the recording station of therecording apparatus showing the arrangement therein with a plurality ofrecording elements in side by side relation;

FIGURE 4 is a section indicated by line IVIV on FIGURE 3 showing how theindividual recording elements are actuated;

FIGURE 5 is a schematic view showing a manner of detecting the positionof the organ swell pedal and transmitting a signal therefrom to certainones of the actuators for the recording elements;

FIGURE 6 is a view showing a portion of the typical marked record takenfrom the recording apparatus;

FIGURE 7 is a schematic view showing an auxiliary recording memberpertaining to the apparatus which is operated at constant speed so as togive an indication on the record member of the speed of travel thereof;

FIGURE 8 is a schematic view showing a recording apparatus which alsoincludes means showing the recording station for perforating therecording member passing through the apparatus;

FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary view of a perforated record member togetherwith a fragment of the tracker over which the record member or aperforated roll made therefrom which can move showing how elongatedmarks on the record member can be perforated while retaining the recordmember as a self-supporting web, and

FIGURE 10 shows a modified swell control arrangement.

Referring to the drawings somewhat more in detail, in FIGURE 1, 10represents an electric organ which may have an upper or swell keyboard12 and a lower keyboard 14. The organ also comprises a pedal keyboard 16and swell pedal means 18.

Numeral 20 indicates a recording apparatus which is connected with theorgan by cable means 22 so as to be actuated simultaneously with theplaying of the organ. A power supply for the recording apparatus isconveyed thereto via a lead-in cord 24.

The recording apparatus, as to its essential parts, is showndiagrammatically in FIGURE 2. In FIGURE 2 it will be seen that theapparatus comprises a frame 26 and within the frame and generallyindicated at 28 is a recording station within which recording stationthere is disposed a plurality of recording elements or members 30distributed in side by side relation over the width of the path of thestrip-like record member 32 through the recording station. Each recordmember has an actuator in the form of a solenoid 34 which, whenenergized, will move the pertaining recording element into position tomark the rec-rd member immediately beneath the recording element whilede-energization of the actuator will permit a spring means 36 to retractthe pertaining recording element from the record member.

The record member is in the form of an elongated paper like member andmay actually be a heavy paper or plastic web. The member 32 as disclosedis in the form of a master from which the actual paper player rolls willbe manufactured. The said paper player rolls are in the form ofrelatively thin paper and are usually relatively narrow so that it is apractical matter to make a fairly heavy wide master in the apparatus asdisclosed and to employ this in a suitable automatic machine for makingthe player rolls of a thinner and therefore of a more fragile material.

In any case, on one side of the recording station 28 there is recordmember supply means in the form of a roll 38 of the record memberrotatably supported as by shaft means 40 in the frame. The web is drawnfrom supply means 38 and passes over guide rollers 42 and 44 in theframe and then over the larger roller 46 which is located in therecording station and forms the back up member for the recordingelements 30.

On the other side of the recording station pin wheel means 48 engage'holes provided in at least one, but preferably both, side edges ofrecord member 32 for advancing the record member through the recordingstation. Beyond pin wheel means 48 the record member passes over idlerroll 50 and then to take up roll 52. Take up roll 52 is driven by slipbelt means 54 which passes over pulleys 56 and 58 on the shaft for pinwheel means 48 and the shaft for the take up roll 52 respectively.

The shaft for the pin wheel means 48 also has mounted thereon a sprocket60 over which passes a chain 62 which also passes over sprocket 64 onthe output shaft of a speed reducer 66 which is driven by an electricmotor 68 through the medium of a belt 70 and pulleys 72 and 74 on themotor shaft and on the input shaft respectively of the motor and speedreducer. The motor is preferably adjustable on a support platform 76 byrotatable screw means 78 and handle 79. Motor pulley 72 is of a typewhich opens and closes in accordance with the position of the motorwhereby the arrangement provides a ready means for regulating the speedat which pin wheel means 48 are driven.

Turning to the solenoid actuator 34, there are, of course, as many ofthe actuators as there are recording elements 30, and each actuator isunder the control of a manually movable member of the instrument beingplayed, such as a playing key or the swell pedal of an organ or thelike. In FIGURE 2 the actuator is shown to be under the control of aplaying key 80. This key controls the release of power from a powersupply 82 to the solenoid actuator. While it is important to have amplepower for operating the solenoid actuator, it is also important toprevent this power from passing through switch means under the controlof the keys or the manually operated members. To this end, the actuator34 is connected across the terminals N and P of the power supply in thecollector-emitter circuit of a transistor T.

The base of the transistor is connected by a resistor R with a contact84 operated by the key or whatever manually operable member pertains tothe recording element shown. When key 80 is at rest, contact 84 engagesa stationary contact 86 which is connected to the positive terminal ofpower supply 82, and this transmits such bias to the base of thetransistor as to hold the transistor nonconducting. When key 80 isdepressed, however, contact 84 engages another stationary contact 86which is connected with the negative side of power supply 82, and thiswill transmit such bias to the base of the transistor that thetransistor will conduct and solenoid 34 will be energized. The controlof the transistor is thus simply accomplished by a small light switchassociated with the movable member of the instrument and through whichswitch an extremely small current at relatively low voltage will flow.This makes the device easy to apply to any type of key operated musicalinstrument and, in addition, makes it quite safe under all conditions.

FIGURE 3 will show that the recording elements 30 are arranged in closeside by side relation and distributed laterally of the recordingapparatus across a predetermined portion of the width of the path takenby the record member through the apparatus. The recording elements maybe in the form of ball point marking pens or the like, the said penportions being indicated at 90 and being connected with rods 92extending vertically upwardly. The pen portions are connected to rods 92by connectors 94, and between the connectors 94 and the apertured guidebar 96 for the pens are disposed the springs 36. A second guide bar 98guides the upper ends of rods 92 and at its upper end, each rod 92 isconnected to a clevis 100 that pivotally engages the end of a lever 102.Each lever 102 is pivoted on shaft 104 extending transversely of theapparatus and supported between the side plates 108 thereof. Each lever102 at the end thereof opposite its connection with the clevis 100 ofthe pertaining rod 92 is connected with its pertaining solenoid actuator34, the said actuators being supported on support bars 110 extendingtransversely of the machine and secured to side plates 108 thereof. Theillustrated arrangement permits the positioning of a plurality ofrecording elements 30 across the width of the path of the record member32 through the recording apparatus.

It will be evident from the foregoing explanation how each key of theinstrument can operate a pertaining recording element; and in practice,not all of the keys are employed for making a record but it is, ofcourse, possible by widening the apparatus to record the operation ofall of the keys if so desired.

With an organ it is also important to give full expression to the music,to control the swell pedal of the controlled instrument. According tothe present invention the positioning of the swell pedal by the playeris recorded by a circuit arrangement such as is shown in FIGURE 5. Inthis figure the swell pedal is indicated at and is pivoted at 122. Thefree inner end of the swell pedal carries a contact 124 which sweepsover a bank of stationary contacts that are connected in circuit withsolenoid actuators 34a, 34b and 34c pertaining to the three separaterecording elements. The interconnecting circuit, generally indicated at126, may be the same as was described in connection with FIGURE 2. Withthe swell pedal in the position illustrated, none of the stationarycontacts are engaged by movable contact 124, and therefore none of thesolenoid actuators pertaining thereto are energized and none of thepertaining recording elements are enera gized to mark on the recordingmember. This would indicate a maximum volume position.

Upon raising of swell pedal 120, however, contact 124 will first engagestationary contact 128 pertaining to solenoid actuator 34a to cause thepertaining recording element to become effective. Further raising thepedal 120 will next cause contact 124 to engage both contacts 128 and130 which will energize actuators 34a and 34b. As the pedal 120 israised further, contact 124 breaks contact from 128 allowing actuator34a to be de-energized, but actuator 34b remains energized throughcontact 130. As the pedal is raised more so, contact 124 holds contactwith 130 and makes contact with 132 so that both recording actuators 34band 340 are energized, putting on the recording member 32 markscorresponding to the position of the pedal 120. Further raising of pedal120 breaks contact 124 from 130 leaving contact 132 making and actuator34c remains energized. Again, as the pedal travels up, contact 124 holdswith 132 and makes contact with 134 which is connected to contact 128through jumper wire 136 so that both actuators 34c and 34a are energizedand marks are placed on element 32 corresponding to the position of thepedal which is now at the minimum position or organ expression. From theforegoing it will be appreciated that the relatively simple arrangementillustrated provides for the recording of seven different levels oforgan volume. More levels of volume could be detected and recorded, ifdesired, but for most purposes, the seven levels referred to areadequate and provide for changes in volume by substantiallyimperceptible degrees during operation of the controlled instrument.

FIGURE 6 shows somewhat schematically a marked record member. Theparticular pattern illustrated is not intended to represent anyparticular recording of music but shows how a record member might look.In FIGURE 6 the holes in the side edges of the record member, indicatedat 150, are those holes that are engaged by the pins of pin wheel means48 for advancing the record member through the apparatus.

The marks made by the recording element 30 are indicated at 152. Thosemarks that are made by the recording elements pertaining to actuators34a, 34b and 34c are shown in the bottom of FIGURE 6, and are thoselines falling within the range of the recording members indicated by thebracket at 154. The record member also bears along one side edge thereofa series of marks 156 which are placed on the record member by arecording element indicated at 158 in FIGURE 7. This recording elementis actuated at a constant cyclic speed by lever means 160 under thecontrol of a cam 162 which is driven in rotation at constant speed byconstant speed motor means 164. This last-mentioned series of marks isuseful for indicating whether or not the recording member has advancedthrough the recording apparatus at a constant speed and will alsoindicate the speed at which the record member has advanced through theapparatus.

In FIGURE 8 there is shown an arrangement wherein the marking of therecord member is such that the marks themselves can be employed forcontrolling the perforating apparatus. In FIGURE 8 the recordingelements, of which only one is illustrated, are indicated at 170 andthese recording elements are of such a nature. that the marks 172 whichthey apply to the record member 174 are magnetic. These magneticmarkings are employed for controlling the subsequent punching apparatus.For movement of the record member 174 through recording station 176constantly rotating pin wheel means 178 are employed. In the subsequentperforating or punching station 180, however, the record member isstopped each time a perforation is made, and to this end the recordmember is advanced through the perforating station by pin wheel means132 which are provided with indexing means in the form of a ratchetwheel 184 that is under the control of pawl means 186 operated by asolenoid S. Detent means 188 are provided which provide for precisepositioning of the ratchet means and pin wheel means on each indexingmovement thereof.

In the perforating station a perforating punch 196 is provided which,upon actuation by its solenoid operator 198, will punch a perforation inthe record member, the punch at this time passing through the recordmember and also through die 200 formed in support plate 202 beneath therecord member.

The energization of solenoid 198 is controlled by a magnetic pick uphead 204 which scans a pertaining line of the markings in the rec-ordmember either in advance of the punch, as shown, or in the punchingmachine. Pick up head 204 is connected to an amplifier 206 to whichpulses are supplied from a vibrator or pulse generator 208. The pulsesfrom generator 208 are at the proper speed to advance record member 174through the perforating station at substantially the same speed that themember advances through the recording station, but can readily beeffected, if desired. A record member of the type shown is not of greatlength and even if the recording station were to run ahead of theperforating station, the slack in the record member ahead of theperforating station would only build up to a relatively small amountduring the making of a record member. Exact synchronization of theserates of movement is not essential. In any case, the pulses supplied bygenerator 208 pass through amplifier 206 and are conveyed by wires 210by solenoid S to provide for step-like advancing of the record memberthrough the perforating station. The pulses supplied to solenoidactuator 198 on the other hand, are conveyed to the said solenoid wires212, and these pulses are only release-d to wires 212 in accordance withthe reading of a line on record member 174 by the pertaining magneticretaining head 204 and, furthermore, as mentioned in such a manner thatpunching does not occur during movement of the record member by pinwheel 182. In this manner, a line marked on the record member byrecording element is converted into one or more punched holes inconformity with the length of the line.

It will be seen that the record member advances at uniform rate throughthe recording station, but advances step by step through the perforatingstation, and that the pattern of perforations imparted to the recordmember will correspond exactly to the pattern of markings applied to therecord member in the recording station.

While magnetic pick u head means have been illustrated, it will beunderstood that optical means could also be provided by utilizingphotocells and light sources, for example. In this case the light mightreflect from the record member to the photocell thereby to indicate thepresence or absence of a line on the record member. Furthermore, thelines imparted to the record member could be luminescent or otherwisesensitive to radiation, and thereby provide a detectable indication ofthe presence of a line on the record means that could be employed forcontrolling the perforating mechanism. Still further, the possibilityexists of so marking the record member that it becomes translucent ortransparent in the marked region whereby radiation could be passedthrough the record member for indicating the presence of markingsthereon.

While all of the illustrations of the recording members show them asaligned in the lateral direction of the record member, it will beunderstood that the recording members could be arranged in staggeredrelation or along a diagonal path across the path of the record member,if desired, and this would somewhat relieve the rather severe spacerequirements that might otherwise be encountered.

This arrangement could be employed and a properly perforated roll wouldstill result provided the pick up heads leading the record member werearranged according to the same pattern while the perforating membersunder the control of the reading heads would perforate the record memberalong lines extending transversely of the record member. Such staggeredor inclined arrangement of the recording members and pick up heads iscontemplated within the purview of the present invention.

The record member 174 preferably has a slack loop 220 therein betweenthe recording station and the perforating station and this loop may, ifdesired, be held taut by a spring loaded or weighted tension roll 222.

It has been mentioned that the record member advances through theperforating station in a step by step manner, and the resultingperforation pattern is shown in FIGURE 9. In FIGURE 9 the perforations224 provided in the member 174 correspond to a line drawn on therecording member of about the same length as the row of holes. It willbe noted that the perforations are spaced apart a certain distance inthe longitudinal direction of the record member. The distance betweenadjacent ones of the holes 224 is such that, as the member is drawn overa tracker bar 226, having a hole 228 therein, the hole 228 will never becompletely closed and this will provide for the continuous admission ofair to the tracker bar hole whereby the key or other member of thecontrol instrument will remain actuated throughout the traversal of thetracker bar hole by the group of perforations 224. In the final paperroll therefore, which is actually what is indicated in FIGURE 9, when akey or other member of the instrument being played is held down for aperiod of time, the continuous mark resulting on the record member willappear in the final paper roll as a series of closely spacedperforations.

As has been mentioned before, and which will now be apparent from theforegoing description, the present invention provides a method andapparatus for making instantaneous recordings of musical instrumentrenditions, particularly key controlled instruments such as pianos andorgans, and makes the recording quickly and accurately, and reproducesthe technique of the performer playing the instrument which is connectedto the recording apparatus.

FIGURE 10 shows other swell control arrangements. In FIGURE 10, theorgan expression pedal 300 has a double bank pole, seven position rotaryswitch 302 in place of the regular expression control potentiometerwhich is well-known in the art of organ making. One bank of this rotaryswitch has serially connected fixed resistors 304-314 of such value asto create an approximate logarithmic taper in value from ground to theplate of the pre-amplifier tube.

Changing the position of the expression pedal changes the load on thepre-amplifier tube by causing contact arm 316 to short out the variousresistors. The other bank of the switch is actuated by the sameexpression pedal. The various terminals of the second bank, and whichcorrespond to the contacts of the first bank, are connected to relayshaving switch sections of DPST arrangement. The various armatures ofthese switch sections are connected together in the manner shown andcontrol the bias of gate transistors Q1, Q3 and Q5. These transistor-sthen control switch transistors Q2, Q4 and Q6 which control the currentto solenoids A, B and C. Solenoids A, B and C are mechanically attachedto pen actuating levers as previously described.

In the position of switch 300 shown, relays A, AB, B, C and AC are off,but relay BC is on, power being supplied by battery Bl. Contact sets band c of relay BC are closed and bias current is supplied to turn ontransistors Q3 which turns on Q4 and Q which turns on Q6. Solenoids Band C have sufficient current supplied from battery B2 to pull thesolenoid plunger in and the attached pens will make a mark on the movingmaster roll. Pen A will not mark at this position of the expressionpedal. The recording organ will at this time have a power levelappropriate to the position of the pedal. In this manner, the masterroll has recorded on it the expression levels of the recording artist ashe plays and records his fingering and rhythm on the roll.

While the previous embodiment is described in relation to the expressionpedal on an organ, it is understood that other expression producingmeans are contemplated by this invention. For example, it may benecessary during the course of playing to use the voice tabs or specialeffect tabs such as banjo, guitar, etc. These voice tabs and specialeffect tabs are essentially switches for producing on or off conditionin the organ. While desirable or necessary, it would be a simple matterto provide a recording element at the recording station to mark therecording member when these voice tabs or special effects are actuatedin much the same manner as previously discussed in relation to thenormal playing keys. By this invention, much of the artistry of theperformer will be transferred to the recording member.

What is claimed is:

1. In an apparatus for making a recording of music in the form of anelongated paper-like record member; a recording station having recordingmeans therein operable to mark a said record member advancedtherethrough, supply means on one side of said recording station forsupporting a roll of said record member. take up means on the other sideof the recording station adapted for being connected to and for reelingup a said record member, a perforating station between said recordingstation and said take up means, first drive means for advancing a saidrecord member from said supply means to and through said recordingstation at a predetermined constant rate, second drive means connectedto said take up means and actuating said take up means intermittently soas to advance a said record member intermittently through saidperforating station, means adapted for being controlled by the playingkeys of a key operated musical instrument for controlling said recordingmeans, said recording means comprising a plurality of recording elementscorresponding in number to a certain number of keys of a key controlledmusical instrument and distributed laterally to the direction ofmovement of said record member through the recording station, a solenoidactuator for each said recording element energizable for moving thepertaining recording element into record member marking position,energizing circuit for each said solenoid actuator adapted for beingcontrolled by the playing keys of a playing key operated musicalinstrument, each recording element comprising a member operable whenactuated to place a line on a said record member positioned therebeneathin said recording station, punching means in said perforating station,and control means sensitive to said lines and operable for actuatingsaid punching means for perforating a said record member passing throughsaid perforating station in a pattern corresponding to said lines, saidpunching means operating when said record member is stationary in saidperforating station.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 in which said lines are magneticand said control means are magnetically operated.

3. In combination, a key operated instrument such as an electronic organhaving an expression pedal, an apparatus for making a recording in theform of a strip-like record member of music played in a normal playingmanner on said organ and for capturing the artistry of the personplaying the organ on said record member, said apparatus comprising; arecording station having recording means therein operable to mark saidrecord member, means for moving said record member in said recordingstation in timed relation to the playing of said organ, first switchmeans adapted for being controlled by said playing keys for controllingthe pertaining said recording means, and second switch means adapted forbeing controlled by said expression pedal for controlling the pertainingsaid recording meansv said recording means operating simultaneously withthe normal playing of said organ, said second switch means comprisingvariable resistance means adapted to change the playing level of theorgan from a minimum to maximum level along .an approximate logarithmictaper.

4. In combination, a key operated instrument such as an electronic organhaving an expression pedal, an apparatus for making a recording in theform of a strip-like record member of music played in a normal playingmanner on said organ and for capturing the artistry of the personplaying the organ on said record member, said apparatus comprising; arecording station having recording means therein operable to mark saidrecord member, means for moving said record member in said recordingstation in time-d relation to the playing of said organ, first switchmeans adapted for being controlled by said playing keys for controllingthe pertaining said recording means, and second switch means adapted forbeing controlled by said expression pedal for controlling the pertainingsaid recording means, said recording means operating simultaneously withthe normal playing of said organ, said recording means comprising aplurality of recording elements corresponding in number to a certainnumber of keys to be played on said organ, and a second plurality ofrecording elements to be used in various combinations, and second switchmeans being effective for actuating said second plurality of elementsaccording to predetermined combinations to accordingly mark said recordmember.

5. The combination according to claim 4 in which said second pluralityof elements are spaced from each other laterally of the recording memberso that at least one other element is interposed between adjacent onesof said second plurality of elements, said second switch means beingarranged to actuate no more than two of said second plurality ofelements at any one time.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10/1900 Davis 84461 4/1902 Clark234123 12/1903 Davis 84463 2/1904 Hart 84461 5/1909 Crippen 234-123 10/1911 Zollinger 84461 2/1912 White 23449 10/1913 Votey 23449 11/ 1915Wiessmiller 23449 5/1919 Davis 23449 3/1921 Stoddard 84-461 5/1924Sandell 234123 10/ 1929 Stoehr 84--462 3/1941 Allen et a1. 84-461 9/1954Wilson et a1. 234-89 5/1951 Worch 84462 5/ 1956 Dibbins 2744 9/1967Schwartz et al 34674 FOREIGN PATENTS 3/1921 Germany.

STEPHEN I. TOMSKY, Primary Examiner.

S. A. WAL, Assistant Examiner.

